AFM for Tribology Research

Frictional force is measured as a function of applied load (friction loops) for several different anti-friction coatings

Friction and other dissipative processes play a crucial role in applications ranging from car engines to hip replacements, but key aspects of these phenomena are still not well understood. In addition, tribological behavior can change dramatically as critical dimensions shrink, due to increased surface-to-volume ratios. Atomic force microscopes provide many capabilities for tribological experiments on atomic to micrometer length scales. Current models can measure very small lateral forces over a wide range of normal forces, with higher force sensitivity and lower noise. Increased scan speeds enable velocity-dependent studies over a wider range. These and other features such as higher spatial resolution, extensive environmental control, and numerous routines for setup and data analysis make atomic force microscopy a powerful tool for nanotribology.

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Friction and wear (friction force microscopy, FFM, and lateral force microscopy, LFM)
粘附（力曲线和快速力映射）
Surface roughness and topography (tapping mode)
摩擦电性（静电力显微镜，EFM和Kelvin探针力显微镜，KPFM）
环境控制（液体和气体，相对湿度，温度）
悬臂校准软件（Getreal）

Micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS)
Graphene and 2D materials
Magnetic storage devices
生物材料（矫形，化妆品等）
Wear resistant films
润滑油
Coatings for corrosion protection

Tuning Friction in Graphene: How Low Can It Go?

Nanotribology measurements revealed that friction in graphene could be further reduced in a controlled, reversible way by applying tensile strain.

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不仅仅是粗糙度：AFM技术用于薄膜分析

“用钼二硫化物组合FDTS SAM的超低摩擦界面，”X.A.Cao，X.GaN，Y.Peng，Y.Wang，Zeng，Zeng，H. Lang，J. Deng和K.Zou，Nanoscale10, 378 (2018).https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nr06471c

"Improvement of load bearing capacity of nanoscale superlow friction by synthesized fluorinated surfactant micelles," J. Li, Z. P. Dou, Y. Liu, J. Luo, and J. X. Xiao,ACS应用。Nano Mater.1, 953 (2018).https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.7b00367

"Robust microscale superlubricity under high contact pressure enabled by graphene-coated microsphere," S. W. Liu, H. P. Wang, Q. Xu, T. B. Ma, G. Yu, C. Zhang, D. Geng, Z. Yu, S. Zhang, W. Wang, Y. Z. Hu, H. Wang, and J. Luo,NAT。安排。8., 14029 (2017).https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14029

"Nanomechanics of pH-responsive, drug-loaded, bilayered polymer grafts,” P. C. Nalam, H.-S. Lee, N. Bhatt, R. W. Carpick, D. M. Eckmann, and R. J. Composto,ACS应用。mater。界面9.，12936（2017年）。https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b14116

“减少石墨烯摩擦的新方法，”Zeng，Y.peng和H. Lang，Carbon118.，233（2017）。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.03.042

"Static and kinetic friction characteristics of nanowire on different substrates," H.-J. Kim, G. H. Nguyen, D. L. C. Ky, D. K. Tran, K.-J. Jeon, and K.-H. Chung,Appl. Surf. Sci.379，452（2016）。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.04.097

“结构对超石墨烯和石墨烯氧化膜的摩擦学效果，”H. Chen和T.填料，纳米技术26，135702（2015）。https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/26/13/135702

“所选MOS之间的相互作用₂nanoparticles and ZDDP tribofilms," A. Tomala, B. Vengudusamy, M. Rodríguez Ripoll, A. N. Suarez, M. Remškar, and R. Rosentsveig,Tribol. Lett.5.9., 26 (2015).https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-015-0552-z

“离子液体局限于亲水纳米接触中：水的结构和润滑性，”R.M.Espinosa-Marzal，A. ArciFa，A. Rossi和N. D. Spencer，J. phys。化学。C118.，6491（2014）。https://doi.org/10.1021/jp5000123

“摩擦力显微镜：一种用于识别粗基质上石墨烯的简单技术，并将石墨烯籽粒的取向映射在铜上，”A. J.Marsden，M. Phillips和N.R. R.Wilson，纳米技术24, 255704 (2013).https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255704

"Covalently attached organic monolayers onto silicon carbide from 1-alkynes: molecular structure and tribological properties," S. P. Pujari, L. Scheres, T. Weidner, J. E. Baio, M. A. Cohen Stuart, C. J. van Rijn, and H. Zuilhof,兰姆尔29., 4019 (2013).https://doi.org/10.1021/la400040e.

"In situ quantitative study of nanoscale triboelectrification and patterning," Y. S. Zhou, Y. Liu, G. Zhu, Z. H. Lin, C. Pan, Q. Jing, and Z. L. Wang,nano lett。13，2771（2013）。https://doi.org/10.1021/nl401006x

"Lubrication with oil-compatible polymer brushes," R. M. Bielecki, E. M. Benetti, D. Kumar, and N. D. Spencer,Tribol. Lett.45，477（2012）。https://doi.org/10.1007/S11249-011-903-6

“眼压润滑剂层的”原子力显微镜调查“关节软骨，S.M.T. Chan，C.P. Neu，G. Duraine，K.Komvopoulos和A. H. Reddi，骨科。软骨18.，956（2010）。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.03.012

“本地纳米级加热调节单凹摩擦”，C.Greiner，J.R. Felts，Z.Dai，W.P.King，以及R. W. Carpick，nano lett。10，4640（2010）。https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102809k

"Friction force microscopy of lubricin and hyaluronic acid between hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces," D. P. Chang, N. I. Abu-Lail, J. M. Coles, F. Guilak, G. D. Jay, and S. Zauscher,Soft Matter5., 3438 (2009).https://doi.org/10.1039/B907155e.

“原子力显微镜的鼠软骨上的原位摩擦测量，J.M. Colees，J.J.Blum，G. D. Jay，E. Darling，F. Guilak和S. Zauscher，J. Biomech.41, 541 (2008).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.10.013

"Diamond and hard carbon films for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)—a nanotribological study," I. S. Forbes and J. I. Wilson,薄的实体薄膜420.，508（2002）。https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(02)00854-4

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AFM for Tribology Research

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不仅仅是粗糙度：AFM技术用于薄膜分析